Digital Exiles

Refugee Work in the Global Digital Economy

224 pages

Published June 23, 2026 by MIT Press.

ISBN:
978-0-262-05245-0
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Digital Exiles opens a rare window into the world of refugees trying to survive and thrive in an increasingly digitalized and technological world of work. Often excluded from local employment and struggling to make ends meet, refugees are increasingly dependent on digital jobs and online work as a financial lifeline. Andreas Hackl offers a human-centered and global perspective to these struggles through his research into three of the most important refugee-hosting countries: Lebanon, Kenya, and Germany.

The pursuit of a digital livelihood—from attending coding schools in Berlin to training datasets for AI in crisis-stricken Lebanon to online freelancing in Kenya’s refugee camps—represents an increasingly important income opportunity for refugees. Digital work programs by aid organizations and the private sector aim to help the forcibly displaced become self-reliant and successful workers, yet, for many, it creates new forms of exclusion, precarity, and risk. Combining human stories with insights from five …

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An Essential Deep Dive

This book does double duty, simultaneously providing insight into the lives of refugees and work on digital platforms, with the intersection being particularly precarious. There are no easy fixes here, since these platforms offer a real lifeline, as Hackl clearly demonstrates through his deep examination of refugee communities in Lebanon, Kenya, and Germany. If you want to understand the changing nature of work in a global context, this is an essential volume. Highly recommend