English language
Published June 22, 1995 by New York Review Books.
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"Ur-Fascism" or "Eternal Fascism: Fourteen Ways of Looking at a Blackshirt" (in Italian: Il fascismo eterno, or Ur-Fascismo) is an essay authored by the Italian philosopher, novelist, and semiotician Umberto Eco. First published in 1995, this influential essay provides an analysis of fascism, a definition of fascism, and discusses the fundamental characteristics and traits of fascism. Drawing on Eco's personal experiences growing up in Mussolini's Italy and his extensive research on fascist movements, the essay offers his insights into the nature of fascism and its manifestations.
Source : wikipédia/en